Artificial Intelligence Supports Research Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

It is noteworthy that only 5% of more than 7000 described rare diseases are treated. In the era of big data, there is ever-increasing data for understanding biomedicine. The need for efficient and rapid data collection, analyses and characterization methods is pressing. Rare diseases can particularly benefit from artificial intelligence (AI) application. AI, with an emphasis on machine learning, creates a path for such efforts and is being applied to diagnosis and treatment. AI has demonstrated its potential to learn and analyze data from different sources with results in prediction。Presently, there are AI-driven technologies applied for rare diseases and this review aims to summarize these advances. Moreover, this review scrutinizes the limitation and identifies the pitfalls of AI applications in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases.

Trends analysis of blood pressure among Ningxia Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2014 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand secular trend of blood pressure among Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014，and to provide preliminary evidence for hypertension prevention and control.@*Methods@#Data of blood pressure, height, weight of Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia were collected in the National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey during 2000-2014 years were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the systolic pressure of the Han students in Ningxia showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=357.44, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 3.37 mm Hg; diastolic pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=172.95, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 4.18 mm Hg; pulse pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=311.86, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 1.98 mm Hg. The body mass index of the Han nationality students in Ningxia was on the rise(F=128.15, P<0.05). The detection rates of high blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.0, 0.4 and 0.9 percentage.@*Conclusion@#Blood pressure in Ningxia Han students aged 7-18 years increases gradually in recent years, which warrants further attention. Health education and health promotion is needed to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.

Characterization analysis and overexpressed vector construction of the circular RNA hsa_circ_0082626 derived from the antiviral gene ZC3HAV1 / 医学研究生学报

Objective Circular RNA is a research hotspot of non-coding RNAs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic characteristics and expression effect of the overexpression vectors of circular RNA hsa_circ_0082626 transcribed from antiviral gene ZC3HAV1. Methods The basic characteristics of hsa_circ_0082626 were studied by the verification of reverse cleavage site, RNase digestion assay and intracellular distribution location with extraction of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA. In the RNase digestion assay, samples were divided into RNase R treatment group and control group. RNase. 20 U (2 U/μg) of RNase R was added to the R treatment group, and the control group was replaced with an equivalent amount of ddH2O to detect changes in expression levels after RNase treatment. The cells were divided into 2 groups: overexpression group and negative control group. At 24, 48 and 72 h after transfection, cells were collected to detect the expression of circular RNA by RT-qPCR. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of ZC3HAV1, CDR1as and GAPDH in the RNase R treatment group was increased (0.144±0.002 vs 1.000±0.016, 0.772±0.058 vs 1.000±0.122, 0.077±0.009 vs 1.000±0.164, P<0.05). Hsa_circ_0082626 could resist the treatment of RNase R and was mainly distributed in cytoplasm. The expression level of hsa_circ_0082626 in the overexpression group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group, and the expression level was the highest at 48 h after transfection. Conclusion The characteristics of hsa_circ_0082626 reverse cleavage site, RNase resistance and expression in cells were successfully analyzed, which proved that hsa_circ_0082626 does have a circular structure. The overexpression vector of hsa_circ_0082626 was successfully constructed to provide an experimental basis for the biological function and mechanism of RNA hsa_circ_0082626.

Effect of low grade Atropine combined with keratoplasty on middle grade myopia in adolescents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyze the control effect of orthokeratology(OK)combined with atropine of low concentration on moderate to low myopia in adolescents.<p>METHODS: Totally 76(152 eyes)adolescents with moderate to low myopia who were admitted to the department from January 2016 were enrolled. According to the voluntary principle, they were divided into orthokeratology group(OK group, <i>n</i>=36 cases, 72 eyes)and orthokeratology combined with atropine of low concentration group(combination group, <i>n</i>=40 cases, 80 eyes). The OK glasses were given for the two groups. The combination group was additionally given 0.1g/L atropine eye drops. All were followed up for 1a. The changes of uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, axial length, intraocular pressure, tear film function and corneal parameters were measured before and after wearing glasses. The incidence of complications was statistically analyzed.<p>RESULTS: There were no significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, axial length and intraocular pressure between the two groups before wearing glasses and at 1a of wearing glasses(<i>P</i>>0.05). The change of uncorrected visual acuity before wearing glasses and at 1a of wearing glasses of combination group was higher than that of OK group while the differences in diopter and axial length were lower than those of OK group(<i>P</i><0.05). Before wearing glasses, there were no significant differences in the lipid layer thickness(LLT), object scattering index(OSI)or tear film rupture time(tear film break-up time, BUT)between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 1a of wearing glasses, LLT and BUT of combination group were higher than those of OK group while OSI was lower than that of OK group(<i>P</i><0.05). Before wearing glasses, there were no significant differences in corneal curvature, corneal thickness or anterior chamber depth between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). At 1a of wearing glasses, the changes of above indexes of combination group were lower than those of OK group(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:OK glasses combined with atropine of low concentration can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of adolescents with moderate to low myopia, control the increase of diopter and axial length. And there is significant negative influence on corneal morphology and tear film function, and with high safety.

Clinical study on camera-assisted measurement for measuring squint angle of concomitant strabismus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate camera-assisted measurement in evaluating the accuracy of Hirschberg Test in measuring squint angle of concomitant strabismus.<p>METHODS:The clinical data of 105 patients with concomitant strabismus who were admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2016 to January 2018 were collected. After admission, they were given traditional Hirschberg Test and picture Hirschberg Test for squint angle examination.Taking the prism cover test as golden standard, the deviation values between squint angle measured by golden standard and those measured by the traditional Hirschberg Test and the picture Hirschberg Test were recorded.The influence of Kappa angle on the deviation value was analyzed.The application value of camera-assisted measurement in squint angle of concomitant strabismus was analyzed.<p>RESULTS:There was a significant difference in the value of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test, picture Hirschberg Test and prism cover test test(<i>P</i><0.05), and the squint angle measured byprism cover test test was higher than that of picture Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05), and the angle in picture Hirschberg Test method was higher than that in traditional Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05), and the consistency of picture Hirschberg Test method and prism cover test test in measuring squint angle was higher than that of Traditional Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05).There were significant differences in the deviation values of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test among the 4 examiners(<i>P</i><0.05).The deviation values of all examiners measured by traditional Hirschberg Test were higher than those by picture Hirschberg Test(<i>P</i><0.05).The deviation degree of picture Hirschberg Test was lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test in terms of the examination of squint angle in patients with positive and negative Kappa angle(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The deviation of camera-assisted measurement picture Hirschberg Test is lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test for the measurement of squint angle of concomitant strabismus, and it is more suitable for young patients who cannot cooperate with.

Multivariate analysis of corneal endothelial cell count reduction after cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM:To investigate the factors related to the decrease of corneal endothelial cell number after phacoemulsification in cataract patients. ·METHODS: We selected 98 patients (120 eyes) in Ophthalmic Center from July 2014 to July 2016 underwent phacoemulsification and they were retrospectively analyzed. According to the central corneal endothelial cell density before and 2mo after the operation, they were divided into serious loss group of 52 cases (67 eyes, density of central corneal endothelial cells loss rate no less than 12.3%),the general loss group of 46 cases (53 eyes, the density of central corneal endothelial cell loss rate <12.3%). Relevant indicators of general information, operation of the two groups were compared, the influence factors of non conditional Logistic regression analysis method was used to investigate the effect for corneal endothelial cell loss in cataract patients. ·RESULTS:Serious loss group and the general group on gender, rate with hypertension, rate with diabetes, rate with high blood lipids, with shallow anterior chamber, corneal diameter and suction time comparison, had no statistically significant differences (P > 0. 05). Nuclear hardness classification of Emery lens, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic emulsification time, age between groups were significantly different(P<0.05). By using Logistic analysis method, the results showed that increased Emery lens nucleus grading, ultrasonic energy, phacoemulsification time, age were independent risk factors for corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION: The main factors that influence the decrease of corneal endothelial cell number after phacoemulsification are Emery lens, higher grade of nucleus of lens, increase of ultrasonic energy, longer time of phacoemulsification and increased age.

Treatment of type C3 distal radius fractures with AO 2.4 mm locking plate system after manipulative reduction / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize our experiences in the treatment of type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures fixed with AO 2.4 mm locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning after manipulative reduction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2009 to March 2012, 19 patients (2 cases of both sides) with type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures were treated with volar locking plates combined with percutaneous pinning for distal radius after manipulative reduction. Among the patients, the average age was (45.3 ± 17.4) years old (ranged, 31 to 66 years old). The fracture were complicated with ulnar styloid fracture in 14 wrists and 6 wrists had distal radioulnar joint instability. All the patients had closed fracture and the mean duration was (6.7 ± 3.5) days (4.5 to 9 days). The Henry approach was applied to expose the fracture site. Joint capsule and ligaments were retained for indirect reduction. After indirect reduction, the poking reduction technique was used to correct the residual compression, and congruence of distal ulnar radial joint was verified under fluorscopic guidance. Styloid process was first pinned percutaneously and then AO 2.4 mm volar locking plate was used to support rigid fixation. The fractures complicated with distal radioulnar joint instability and ulnar styloid fracture were treated with forearm plaster support in supination for 6 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen patients (21 wrists) were followed up for an average duration of 10.5 months (ranged, 7 to 17 months). Radiographic bone union of distal radius was achieved in all cases, nonunion of the ulnar styloid occurred in 3 cases, and no distal radioulnar joint instability occurred. Tendon irritation was found in 2 cases and disappeared after the internal fixation was removed. The volar tilt, radial angle, radial length, incongruence of articular surface and distal radioulnar joint were observed at the follow-up. According to Batra and Gupta scoring system, 13 wrists were assessed to have a score of more than 80, 5 wrists 70 to 90, 3 wrists less than 70. Meanwhile, the subjective and objective evaluation was executed,range of motion of wrist, residual deformity and complications were observed. According to Sarmiento's modification of the system of Gartland and Werley, 17 wrists got an excellent result, 3 good and 1 fair.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Type C3 (AO/OTA) distal radius fractures could be managed with manipulative reduction. Locking plate internal fixation combined with percutaneous pinning can offer enough support for early mobilization and rehabilitation, resulting in a better clinical outcome and satisfactory prognosis.</p>

Influential factors of healthy children′s heart rate turbulence / 实用医学杂志

Objective To analyze the influential factors of healthy children′s heart rate turbulence (HRT). Methods One hundred and six healthy children with ventricular premature beat (VPB) were selected in this study and the correlation among HTR parameters as turbulence onset (TO) and turbulence lope (TS) and age, gender, basic heart rate, the number of VPBs were analyzed. Results It was observed that among three age groups, TO decreased with the age, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). TS increased with the age, and intergroup difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). TO and TS decreased with the decline of heart rate (r = 0.494, P < 0.00; r = -0.569,P < 0.00 respectively), and the correlation between TO and HR, TS and HR was found.The number of VPBs had no significant correlation with TO or TS (r = 0.104,P = 0.290; r = 0.122,P =0.212). Conclusions The results demonstrate that influenced by age and basic heart rate, healthy children′s HRT increases with the age and the decline of heart rate. Therefore, the reference index of children′s HRT should differ from that of adults, which requires further evaluation.

Treatment of anteromedial coronoid facet fractures with open reduction and internal fixation through anteromedial approach / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the approach of open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of anteromedial coronoid facet fractures and associated injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2009 to August 2011, 6 coronoid anteromedial facet fractures were treated (4 males and 2 females,the average age was 32.6 years old,ranged from 19 to 49 years old) in our hospital. Three patients had fractures in the left side and 3 in the right(4 dominant sides and 2 non dominant sides). All the patients had close fractures. All the fractures were subtype 2 or subtype 3 of coronoid anteromedial facet fracture according to O'Driscoll classification. The anteromedial incision of elbow and the approach of splitting flexor digitorum superficialis between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus were used to apply internal fixation with mini-plate. After fixation of coronoid fracture, widening of radiohumeral joint interspace under varus stress occurred in 3 cases,elbow varus posteromedial rotational instability was showed,and the exploration and repair of radial collateral ligament was not carried out. Plaster was applied for 2 weeks before rehabilitation and the time of plaster application extended to 4 weeks in the patients showed varus posteromedial rotational instability. The motion degree,pain and stability, strength of elbow and hand were recorded,the elbows were evaluated with modified An and Morrey functional rating index.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up,and the average duration was 9.3 months (ranged from 7.5 to 13 months). The strength of elbow and hand were equal to that in the contralateral side. The average flexion was (129.0+/-6.5) degree (ranged from 120 to 135 degree); the average extention was (4.0+/-4.2) degree (ranged from 0 to 10 degree); the average forearm pronation was (84.0+/-6.5) degree (ranged from 75 to 90 degree); average supination was (89.0+/-7.1) degree (ranged from 80 to 100 degree). One patient had ulnar sensory neuropathy after operation and healed in half-year, no postoperative complications as pain and instability accured. All the patients obtained excellent results according to modified An and Morrey functional rating index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The approach of splitting flexor digitorum superficialis between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus could be used in open reduction and internal fixation of anteromedial coronoid facet farcture, rehabilitation should be postponed in the patient showed elbow varus posteromedial rotational instability.</p>

Treatment of refractory lateral epicondylitis with modified Nirschl surgical technique / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effects of modified Nirschl surgical techniique in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to January 2011,21 patients (21 elbows) with refractory lateral epicondylitis were treated in our hospital. There were 8 males and 13 females,ranged in age from 25 to 59 years with an average of (48.3+/-13.4) years and the duration time from 8 to 33 months with an average of (17.1+/-7.7) months;affected position in dominant sides of 16 cases and non-dominant sides of 5 cases. The patients had already received multiple non-operative treatments. Modified Nirschl surgical technique was performed,and operative origination from origin of musculus extensor carpi radialis brevis to discard process with small incision, the process place of extensor digitorum communis would be removed. The incisions were nursed by ice compress for 2 days after operation. Range of motion (ROM) and strengthening exercise of elbow joints started at the 1 week after plaster slab fixation; ROM and strengthening exercise of wrist joints also started at the 2 week after fixation. The pain, power of gripping and patient staisfaction were recorded after operation. Verhaar scaling were used to estimate the recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventeen patients were followed up from 13 to 22 months with an average of 16.3 months. According to Verhaar standard, 15 cases obtained excellent results and 2 good. No postoperative complication such as instability was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Modified Nirschl surgical technique is an effective method in treating refractory lateral epicondylitis but correct to diagnosis and exclusion the coexisting diseases,accurate removal the process are important guarantee.</p>

Changes of mobility of kidney tubular epithelial cells in the course of epithelial-mesenchymal transition / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate the dynamic changes of cell mobility of renal tubular epithelial cells in the course of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) and their effect on cell cycle.Methods NRK-52E cells were cultured in vitro and treated with 5 μg/L transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 to induce EMT.The cell mobility was assessed by using Transwell chamber assay and flow cytometry (FCW) after being treated with TGF-β1 for 4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h.The proliferative cell cycle of NRK-52E cells were evaluated by using the FCW.Results 1.EMT was successfully induced by TGF-β1.After being treated by TGF-β1 (5 μg/L),the morphological changes of NRK-52E cells were found with loose cell arrangement and elongated fusiform change in cells body.Meanwhile,after getting treated by TGF-β1,the expressions of E-cadherin protein(epithelial marker) of NRK-52E cells were significantly decreased with time-dependent (P ＜ 0.05),while the expressions of α-smooth musle actin (α-SMA) (mesenchymal cell marker)were significantly increased with time-dependent (P ＜ 0.05).2.The Transwell chamber assay showed that compared with the control group,the cell mobility in the group treated with TGF-β1 was significantly enhanced from 12 h after getting treated with TGF-β1 (P ＜ 0.01).3.The proliferative cell cycle of NRK-52E cells showed no significant difference after being treated with TGF-β1 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The migration ability of the NRK-52E cells are increased incessantly in the course of EMT,which is induced by TGF-β1 without the influence of cell proliferation in vitro.

Study of the treatment of comminuted fractures of proximal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of the treatment for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation, and the influence of the different internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to June 2007, 423 cases of comminuted fractures of proximal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Among them, 139 patients included 51 males and 88 females were treated with the Kirschner needle with an average age of 55.8 years old ranging from 35 to 72 years, and the average course was 7 days (from 3 to 20 days); 103 patients included 48 males and 55 females were treated with the cloverleaf plate with an average age of 56.7 years old (from 22 to 76 years), and the average course was 8.5 days (from 3 to 23 days); 181 patients included 85 males and 96 females were treated with the locking plate with an average age of 57.1 years old (from 29 to 77 years), and the average course was 7.9 days (from 3 to 21 days). The pain, daily activities, orbit, and the strength of the shoulder were evaluated with the Constant's scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound of all the cases was primary healing. All patients were followed-up for over 12 months, the sings and symptoms of all the patients were improved very well. There was significant difference between, before and after operation on Constant's scoring. While there was not significant difference among the different internal fixation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Open reduction and internal fixation is effective for comminuted fractures of proximal humerus. There is no significant difference on therapeutic efficacy in different internal fixation.</p>

Effect of effective components of huanglian jiedu decoction on hypoxia, reoxygenation injury and the expression of VCAM in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective mechanism of geniposide, baicalin and berberine on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A model of four hours hypoxia and twelve hours reoxygenation injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro was established. The injured cells were treated with geniposide (0.128, 0.064, 0.032 mmol x L(-1)), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 mmol L(-1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 mmol L(-1)), respectively. The immunocytochemical method and techniques of image quantitative analysis were used to detect the mean optical density and mean area in order to match the protein expression of VCAM-1. The method of RT-PCR was adopted to observe and match the mRNA expression of VCAM-1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As compared with the normal group, the mean optical density, the mean area and the mRNA expression of VCAM-1 of model group were significant increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). As compared with the model group, both the mean optical density and the mean area of all treated groups were decreased, and there was significant difference between them (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). As compared with normal group, the mean optical density of baicalin (0.007 mmol x L(-1)) and berberine (0.012, 0.006 mmol x L(-1)) were significant decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the other groups and the normal group. As compared with normal group, the mean area of baicalin (0.0014 mmol x L(-1)) was significant decreased (P < 0.05), but there was significant difference between the other groups and the normal group. The mRNA expression of all treated groups was not only lower than that of the model group but also higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that geniposide, baicalin and berberine, which are effective compositions of huanglian jiedu decoting, can protect hypoxia-reoxygenation injuried rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. One of the protected mechanisms is that they can inhibit the expression of VCAM-1.</p>

Effect of Huoxue injection on oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effect of Huoxue injection on the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), the adherence of monocytes to endothelial cells, and the regulation role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injury induced by the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The ox-LDL (100 mg x L(-1)) was added to the cultured HUVEC to prepare the injury model of HUVEC. The adhesive percentage between HUVEC treated with ox-LDL and monocytes was determined by protein quantification. Expression of mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively. The percentage of positive cells and the ratio of nuclei and cytoplasm of NF-kappaB p65 staining in HUVEC the were examined by cell immunochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Treatment of HUVEC with ox-LDL for 12, 24 hours significantly increased adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC and enhanced the expressions of mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The percentage of positive cells and the ratio of nuclei and cytoplasm of NF-kappaB p65 staining in HUVEC were significantly increased after treatment with ox-LDL for 24 hours. Huo Xue Injection could significantly inhibit the adhesion between monocyte and HUVEC, the expression of mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and declined the percentage of positive cells and the ratio of nuclei and cytoplasm of NF-kappaB p65 staining in HUVEC. The effects were strengthened with increasing the deal of Huoxue injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Huoxue injection has an inhibitory effect on the adherence of monocytes to HUVEC, probably by way of down-regulating the expression of mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVEC. The mechanism is probably associated with inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB p65 of HUVEC. The effects of Huoxue injection can bring about the protective effect to endothelial cells injury induced by ox-LDL.</p>

Effect of effective components of Huanglian Jiedu decocting on NF-kappaB in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells injury induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective mechanism of geniposide, baicalin and berberine on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>To establish a model of hypoxia four hours and reoxygenation twelve hours injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. The injured cells were treated with geniposide (0. 128, 0.064, 0.032 micromol mL(-1), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 micromol mL(- 1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 micromol mL(-1)). The expression of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB was detected by immunocytochemical assay and techniques of image quantitative analysis. The protein expression of NF-kappaB was calculated with the mean optical density and mean area. The nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was calculated with the percentage of positive cells and ratios of light transmittance of cytoplasm and cell nucleus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal group, both the protein expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB of model group were significant increased (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the mean optical density of all treated groups was decreased ,but these was no significant difference between them. As compared with model group, the mean area of all treated groups was significant decreased (P < 0.01). The percentage of nuclear translocation of all treated groups is not only lower than that of the model group but higher than that of the normal group (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the ratios of light transmittance of cytoplasm and cell nucleus of all treated groups was significantly elevated (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggesed that geniposide, baicalin and berberine could protect hypoxia/reoxygenation injuried rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells injury. One of the mechanism may lie in inhibiting both the protein expression and the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.</p>

Effect of puerarin on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients with acute coronary syndrome / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To investigate the effects of puerarin(Pur)on myocardial perfusion and ventricular wall motion in patients withacute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods Thirty-seven patients with ACS were randomly divided into two groups:conventionaltreatment group(n=17,11 males,range of age:32-80 years,average age:60.9±4.9 years)and Purtreatment group(n=20,12 males,rangeof age:40-76 years.average age:62.7±3.5 years).Patients in the conventional treatment group received standard treatment according tothe current guidelines,while patients in the Pur treatment group received intravenous administration of Pur(500 mg/day)for 10 daysplus conventional treatment.Real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) was performed to evaluate the change inmyocardial perfusion index (MPI)and veiltricular wall motion index(VWMI)at admission and 10 days after treatment.Results At10 days after treatment,MPI was significantly higher(P＜0.01)and VWMI significantly lower(P＜0.01)in the Pur group comparingwith those in the conventional group.Conclusions Puerarin might improve myocardial microcirculation perfusion and ventricularwall motion in patients with ACS.

Protective action of effective components of Huanglian Jiedu decoction on hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of geniposide, baicalin and berberine for the rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro was established. Both normal and model cells were treated with geniposide (1.024, 0.512, 0.256, 0.128, 0.064, 0.032, 0.016, 0.008 micromol x mL(-1)), baicalin (0.224, 0.112, 0.056, 0.028, 0.014, 0.007, 0.003 micromol x mL(-1)) and berberine (0.192, 0.096, 0.048, 0.024, 0.012, 0.006, 0.003 micromol x mL(-1)). Cell activity was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After hypoxia/hypoglycemia cultures for 4 hour and reoxygenation for 12 hour, geniposide (0.128, 0.064, 0.032 micromol x mL(-1)), baicalin (0.028, 0.014, 0.007 micromol x mL(-1)) and berberine (0.024, 0.012, 0.006 micromol x microL(-1) could protect the injuried cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Appropriate concentration of geniposide, baicalin and berberine, which are effective components of Huanglian Jiedu decoction, could protect the injuried cerebral microvascular endothelial cells.</p>

The protective effect of cholic acid on an in vitro injury model of ischemia-reperfusion in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an in vitro injury model of ischemia-reperfusion in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells of rats and observe the protective effect of cholic acid.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cultured rat microvascular endothelial cells were subjected to the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) (Krebs solution) and recovery of oxygen-glucose, which simulated in vitro ischemia and reperfusion injury, and treated with cholic acid. The A value was measured with MIT chromatometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Cultured cells were impaired after OGD for 4 hours and recovery of oxygen-glucose for 12 hours, the A value of the cells treated with cholic acid was significantly higher than that of the cells without treatment (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cholic acid could obviously protect rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells from injury induced by an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion.</p>

Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng on the transformation of bone marrow stem cells and proliferation of EPC in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and the possible mechanism underlying the promotional effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng on the transformation of bone narrow stem cells and proliferation of EPC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The marrow blood was collected in the patients with ischemia of lower limbs and BM-MNCs were separated and proliferated under different conditions. A. morphologic observation was performed and the ratio of CD34+ cells was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The shuttle shaped cells lined up as bunches with several round cells scattered. The ratio of CD34+ cells was significantly increased in groups treated with medium (P < 0.01) and lower (P < 0.05) dosages of A. membranaceus and medium (P < 0.01) and high dosages (P < 0.01) of P. notoginseng respectively as compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A. membranaceus and P. notoginseng can promote the transformation and proliferation of EPC.</p>

Protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protect effects of Qingkailing injection on mitochondrion membrane potential (MMP) during injury induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mitochondrion activity was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. MMP and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Hypoxia-hypoglycemia cultures for 5 hour and reoxygenation for 3 hour induced intracellular[Ca2+]i and apoptosis rate significantly increased. The effects were increased with the extending time of reoxygenation. MMP and mitochondrion activity declined significantly after 3 hour reoxygenation. The effects were declined with the extending time of reoxygenation. Qingkailing injection might have significantly decrease intracellular [Ca2+]i and apoptosis rate, increase MMP and mitochondrion activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Qingkailing Injection might have significantly inhibit the decline in MMP induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia and reoxygenation, and had effects of stable it and anti-neuronal apoptosis. The effects might be related to inhibit overload of intracellular free calcium.</p>